Hospital Associated Infections (HAIs)

Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs), also referred to as nosocomial infections, represent a significant and persistent challenge to patient safety across healthcare systems. These infections are acquired in hospitals as well as in a broad range of care settings—including outpatient clinics, long-term care facilities, and ambulatory centres—reflecting the growing complexity and interconnectedness of modern healthcare delivery.

HAIs are caused by a diverse range of pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi, and are driven by multiple risk factors such as invasive procedures (e.g., central lines, urinary catheters, mechanical ventilation), surgical interventions, suboptimal infection prevention practices, and the inappropriate use of antimicrobials. Common HAIs include central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI), catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI), surgical site infections, pneumonia, Clostridioides difficile infections, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections.

The burden of HAIs is substantial—contributing to increased morbidity and mortality, prolonged hospitalisation, and significant economic and operational strain on healthcare systems. Addressing this challenge requires a systems-level, evidence-based approach that integrates infection prevention, quality assurance and control, and antimicrobial stewardship.

SingHealth clinician-scientists in this focus area are advancing research and innovation to strengthen HAI prevention and management. Through work spanning infection control practices, implementation science, diagnostics, and stewardship strategies, these researchers aim to reduce transmission, improve patient outcomes, and enhance healthcare system resilience.