Low back pain is a leading cause of disease burden globally. The condition has been recognised in medical texts since ancient times, but it is only really in the past two decades that there has been a concerted research effort to inform how the condition is best managed. This research has challenged many of the key pillars of traditional medical care for low back pain, such as imaging, bed rest, pain medicines, and surgery. The research has also shown that some of the new treatment approaches, such as spinal cord stimulators, lack clear evidence of effectiveness and safety. The research has also shown that the case-mix of low back pain presentations to primary care is quite different from that in the emergency setting, which means that guidelines for primary care may not apply to the emergency department setting. This background explains why many patients and clinicians find the condition frustrating. This presentation will provide an overview of how low back pain should be managed in 2025, drawing from recent research, including key studies conducted by the author.