Research and Publications

Title	Description
Differential reasoning and chain-of-thought processes in Deepseek-R1 and Open AI o3-mini-high for determining American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status	Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly capable of handling complex and subjective clinical tasks,1 including assignment of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status (ASA-PS) scores.
Multimodal, Multi-Disease Medical Imaging Foundation Model (MerMED-FM)	Current artificial intelligence models for medical imaging are predominantly single modality and single disease. Attempts to create multimodal and multi-disease models have resulted in inconsistent clinical accuracy. Furthermore, training these models typically requires large, labour-intensive, well-labelled datasets.
Large Language Model Based Clinical Decision Support Tool for Differential Diagnosis and Treatment Planning in Ophthalmology	This study aims to develop and validate a lightweight LLM based clinical decision support tool designed for ophthalmology case scenarios.
International partnership for governing generative artificial intelligence models in medicine	Conflict of interest statement - Competing interests: O.F. has a leadership role and holds stock in WhalesDontFly GmbH and has had consulting relationships with Prova Health Ltd; S.G. is an advisory group member of the Ernst & Young-coordinated ‘Study on Regulatory Governance and Innovation in the field of Medical Devices’ conducted on behalf of the Directorate-General for Health and Food Safety of the European Commission.
Insights Into the Current and Future State of AI Adoption Within Health Systems in Southeast Asia: Cross-Sectional Qualitative Study	Artificial intelligence (AI) holds potential to enhance health systems worldwide. However, its implementation in health systems in Southeast Asia (SEA)-a region of diverse geopolitical and socioeconomic development-has been understudied.
A scoping review and evidence gap analysis of clinical AI fairness	The ethical integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare necessitates addressing fairness. AI fairness involves mitigating biases in AI and leveraging AI to promote equity.
Retinal photograph-based deep learning algorithms for myopia and a blockchain platform to facilitate artificial intelligence medical research: a retrospective multicohort study	By 2050, almost 5 billion people globally are projected to have myopia, of whom 20% are likely to have high myopia with clinically significant risk of sight-threatening complications such as myopic macular degeneration.