What are the symptoms of trigger finger?

Trigger finger typically develops gradually, with symptoms that can range from mild to severe. The condition primarily affects the tendons in your fingers or thumb, causing discomfort and restricted movement. Below are the key symptoms to watch out for:

1. Stiffness in the Finger

One of the earliest symptoms is stiffness, particularly in the morning. The affected finger may feel tight or difficult to move, especially when attempting to bend or straighten it.

2. Clicking or Popping Sensation

As the condition progresses, you might notice a clicking or popping sensation when moving your finger. This is caused by the tendon catching as it moves through the sheath, leading to a feeling of resistance.

3. Pain or Tenderness

Pain is a common symptom and can occur at the base of the affected finger or thumb. The area may also become tender to the touch, making gripping objects or using the hand uncomfortable.

4. Finger Locking in a Bent Position

In more advanced cases, the finger may lock in a bent position and be difficult to straighten. In some instances, the finger can only be moved with assistance or considerable effort, causing significant discomfort.

5. Swelling or a Lump

A small bump or nodule may develop at the base of the affected finger. Swelling may also occur, making it harder for the tendon to move smoothly within the sheath.

6. Limited Range of Motion

Over time, the range of motion in the affected finger may become limited. Everyday activities such as gripping, writing or typing may become more difficult and painful.

If you experience any of these symptoms, it is important to seek medical advice, especially if the condition begins to interfere with daily activities. Early treatment can help prevent further complications.

When should you see a doctor?

You should seek medical attention for trigger finger if:

• Your finger becomes locked in a bent position and cannot be straightened.
• Pain or discomfort increases over time.
• You have difficulty performing daily activities due to stiffness or pain.
• A lump or noticeable swelling develops at the base of your finger.

Home treatments like rest or splinting do not improve the symptoms.

How is trigger finger prevented?

While it may not always be possible to completely prevent trigger finger, you can reduce the risk by taking the following steps:

• Avoid repetitive hand strain: Try to limit activities that require frequent gripping or forceful hand movements.
• Take regular breaks: If your job or hobby involves repetitive hand use, taking breaks can help minimise tendon strain.
• Use ergonomic tools: Tools designed to reduce pressure on your hands can help reduce the risk of tendon irritation.
• Stretch and strengthen your hands: Regular hand exercises can help maintain tendon flexibility and strength.
• Manage underlying conditions: Properly managing conditions like diabetes or arthritis may reduce the risk of developing trigger finger.
  

These preventive measures can help lower your chances of developing trigger finger, especially if you are at higher risk.

What causes trigger finger?

Trigger finger occurs when the tendons in your finger or thumb become inflamed, leading to irritation as they pass through the sheath that surrounds them. This inflammation causes the tendon to thicken, making it difficult to move smoothly.

Over time, this results in the characteristic locking or catching sensation. The underlying cause is the repeated friction or stress on the tendons, often due to frequent gripping motions or hand use. While anyone can develop trigger finger, those engaged in activities that strain the hand muscles are more likely to experience this condition.

What are the risk factors for trigger finger?

Several factors can increase your chances of developing trigger finger, including the following:

• Age: Individuals over 40 are more likely to develop trigger finger due to tendon wear.
• Gender: Women have a higher risk, possibly due to hormonal factors affecting tendon flexibility.
• Repetitive hand use: Activities like gripping tools or playing instruments increase tendon strain.
• Medical conditions: Diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis raise the likelihood of tendon inflammation.
• Previous hand injury: A history of hand trauma can increase susceptibility to trigger finger.
  

How is trigger finger diagnosed?

Trigger finger is typically diagnosed through a physical examination. A doctor will check for tenderness, swelling and the characteristic clicking or locking of the affected finger or thumb. They may also ask you to open and close your hand to observe how smoothly the finger moves. In most cases, no additional tests like X-rays or scans are required, as the condition can be diagnosed based on symptoms and hand movement alone. However, if there is concern about underlying conditions, your doctor may order further tests.

Based on the examination, your provider will assign a grade to your trigger finger or thumb, indicating the severity of the condition and guiding treatment options:

• Grade 1: Mild discomfort and occasional locking.
• Grade 2: Locking occurs during physical examination, but you can still straighten your finger or thumb.
• Grade 3: Difficulty bending or straightening your finger or thumb, interfering with daily activities.
• Grade 4: Finger or thumb is stuck in a bent position, causing significant pain.
  

Understanding the severity of your trigger finger is crucial for determining the most effective treatment approach.

 

We will first try non-surgical methods, such as 

Will trigger finger recur?

Sadly yes, but recurrence is less than 5% with surgical intervention.