What causes Crohn's disease?

The cause of Crohn's disease is unknown. However, it is believed to result from a combination of various factors. These include an abnormal immune response, where the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy cells in the digestive tract, and environmental factors that may trigger inflammation. Genetic predisposition also plays a role.

What are the risk factors for Crohn's disease?

The risk factors for Crohn's disease include:

1. Family history: Having a close relative with Crohn's increases the likelihood of developing the condition.
2. Smoking: Smoking is strongly linked to a higher risk and severe forms of Crohn's disease.
3. Age: Although Crohn's can occur at any age, it is more commonly diagnosed in people under 30.
4. Ethnicity: People of European, particularly Ashkenazi Jewish descent, have a higher risk.
5. Environmental factors: Living in urban or industrialised areas or in northern climates, may increase the risk.
6. Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs): These medications can worsen inflammation in the digestive tract, potentially triggering or exacerbating symptoms.

These factors may contribute to the likelihood of developing Crohn's disease, but they do not directly cause it.