How is glioma diagnosed?

When symptoms could be a sign of a brain tumour, a detailed medical history and neurological examination will be taken.

Imaging techniques

Imaging is used to diagnose a brain tumour, and includes:

• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): Provides detailed images of brain structures and is the preferred imaging technique for brain tumours.
• Computed Tomography (CT) Scans: Useful for quickly assessing brain anatomy and detecting tumours.
• Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scans: Helps evaluate how brain tissues are functioning metabolically.
  

Other types of imaging may be needed, such as:

• Functional MRI Scans: Measures brain activity by detecting changes in blood flow in different parts of the brain.
• MRI Tractography: Creates 3D images of nerve tracts.

These tests help to detect and pinpoint the tumour's size, location and how close it is to parts of the brain that control key functions such as language. The test results will help a neurosurgeon, a doctor who specialises in the diagnosis and surgical treatment of neurological conditions, to plan for the management of the tumour.

Biopsy

To determine tumour type, a biopsy is often recommended. During a biopsy, tissue samples are taken from the tumour and examined under a microscope for a more accurate understanding of the tumour's cell structure and features.