Haemophilia is a bleeding problem due to a lack of normal levels of a clotting factor. Clotting factors are proteins in blood which help to control bleeding. People with haemophilia do not bleed faster than normal, but they can bleed for a longer period of time.

Haemophilia is quite rare and it affects about one in 7,000 males. The most common type of haemophilia is called Haemophilia A. This means the person does not have enough clotting Factor 8 (VIII). A less common type is called Haemopholia B. This person does not have enough clotting Factor 9 (IX).

Bleeding into a joint or muscle causes

• An ache or "funny feeling"
• Swelling
• Pain and stiffness
• Difficulty using a joint or muscle

• Treatment for haemophilia today is very effective. The missing clotting factor is injected into the bloodstream using a needle. Bleeding stops when sufficient clotting factor reaches the spot that is bleeding.
• Treat bleeding quickly! Quick treatment will help reduce pain and damage to the joints, muscles and organs. The time frame should be within one to two hours of initial onset of bleeds. The faster the bleed is treated, the more effective the treatment will be.
• If in doubt, treat! If you think your child has a bleed, get treatment even if you are unsure. NEVER wait until a joint is hot, swollen or painful. Do not worry that you may "waste" a few treatments with clotting factors.
• Currently, there is no cure yet, but with treatment, people with haemophilia can live normal healthy lives. Without treatment, people with severe haemophilia may find it difficult to go to school or work regularly. They might become physically disabled and have trouble walking, doing simple activities or die young.

When should treatment with clotting factors be given?

Treatment is given for

• Surgery, including dental work
• Activities that could cause bleeding

Treatment with clotting factors may not be required

• Small bruises are common in children with haemophilia, but they are usually not dangerous. However, bruises on the head might become serious and should be checked by a haemophilia nurse or doctor.
• Small superficial cuts and scratches will bleed for the same amount of time as in a normal person. They are usually not dangerous.
• Deepr cuts will often, but not always, bleed longer than normal. The bleeding may be stopped by putting direct pressure on the cut.
• Nosebleeds may be stopped by putting direct pressure on the nose for at least five minutes. If bleeding is heavy or does not stop, treatment with clotting factor is needed.