Genetic eye disorders can affect various structures of the eye, from the front to the back such as corneal dystrophies, aniridia, congenital glaucoma, pediatric cataracts, retinal dystrophies, and hereditary optic neuropathy.

Many systemic genetic diseases and syndromes such as Marfan syndrome, neurofibromatosis, mitochondrial disorders, and chromosomal abnormality syndromes (like Down's syndrome) have significant eye involvement too.