How are urinary tract infections (UTI) diagnosed?

The diagnosis of a UTI can be suspected from a well-taken history and physical examination.

Specific tests to confirm a UTI include a urine dipstick, urine analysis and urine culture. Detection of pyuria (white blood cells or pus cells in the urine) on dipstick and urine analysis or presence of nitrite is suggestive of a UTI.

Associated findings can include microscopic haematuria (blood in the urine which cannot be detected by the naked eye). The urine culture will help in the identification of the organism causing the infection and the antibiotics it is sensitive to.

No imaging studies (scans) are required in the routine evaluation of an uncomplicated cystitis.